In human beings and other mammals, the proteins are part of solids of red blood cells around 97% and they are about 35% in water. Hemoglobin proteins have capability to hold 1.36 milliliter per oxygen gram and it can increase the blood oxygen capacity. Hemoglobin works to provide other gases in body other than oxygen as well. For example, hemoglobin transfer carbon dioxide of respiratory as carbon-amino-hemoglobin and in this process, carbon dioxide combines with globins in protein. Nitro oxide is also combine with thiol group globins protein and it also release during same time as of oxygen.

 

 

There are various other cells in which hemoglobin is found with different variations in biological functions to each of the category. They are commonly found in red blood cells but with different functions, they can also be found in macrophages, alveolar cells and mesangial cells of kidney. In this kind of cells, the function of hemoglobin is not of transferring oxygen like oxidant but it acts like anti-oxidant and works to regulate iron metabolism in kidney.

Hemoglobin mainly consisting protein which is further divided into amino acids and there are more than one genes of hemoglobin.

 

 

These mutations in hemoglobin are known as hemoglobin variants. The synthesizing procedures for the hemoglobin are also really complex and done in few steps. The structure of hemoglobin is tertiary usually.

Hemoglobin concentrations are usually most common to seen in blood tests for the diagnoses of many diseases. It can be measured as a complete blood count. For example, it is always necessary to check hemoglobin levels before and after blood donation. Hemoglobin are also present in brain where there function is to provide signals for brain damage and neuronal problems.